Law on Obligation and Contracts by De Leon - Article 1156

Article 1156 - An obligation is  a juridical necessity to give , to do, or not to do.

Obligation - Latin word " obligatio" means tying or binding.It is to render something that it may consist in giving a thing, doing a certain act, or not.

Juridical necessity - In case in non compliance of the obligation, the courts of justice may be called the aggrieved party to enforce its fulfillment.

Civil obligations - Obligation that gives the creditor a right under the law to enforce their performance in courts of justice.

Natural Obligations - Based on equity and natural law.

Essential Requisites of an obligation:

 a. Passive subject - also called debtor or obligor; who is bound to fulfill the obligation.

 b. Active subject - also called creditor or obligee; who is demand the fulfillment of the obligation.

 c. Object or prestation - subject matter of the obligation ; example: money, car, and etc.

 d. Juridical or legal tie - also called efficient cause; example: contract or agreement.

Kinds of obligation:

a. Real obligation - obligation to give; which the obligor must deliver the thing to the obligee the subject matter.

b. Personal obligation - obligation to do or not to do; which subject matter is an act to be done or not.

                2 kinds of personal obligation

          1. Positive personal obligation - obligation to do

          2. Negative personal obligation - obligation not to do